Semiconductor porcelain composition

ABSTRACT

The invention intends to provide, in BaTiO 3  semiconductor porcelain composition, a semiconductor porcelain composition that, without using Pb, can shift the Curie temperature to a positive direction and can significantly reduce the resistivity at room temperature. According to the invention, when Ba is partially substituted by an A1 element (at least one kind of Na, K and Li) and an A2 element (Bi) and Ba is further substituted by a specific amount of a Q element, or when Ba is partially substituted by an A1 element (at least one kind of Na, K and Li) and an A2 element (Bi) and Ti is partially substituted by a specific amount of an M element, the optimal valence control can be applied and whereby the resistivity at room temperature can be significantly reduced. Accordingly, it is optimal for applications in a PTC thermistor, a PTC heater, a PTC switch, a temperature detector and the like, and particularly preferably in an automobile heater.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2005/014769, filed Aug. 11, 2005, and is related to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-71444, filed Mar. 12, 2004, in the Japanese Patent Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a semiconductor porcelain composition for use in a PCT thermistor, a PCT heater, a PCT switch, a temperature detector or the like, which has a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, as materials showing a positive PTCR, there have been proposed compositions in which various semiconductive dopants are added to BaTiO₃. Since these compositions have the Curie temperatures around 120° C., these composition need to be shifted in the Curie temperatures depending on the applications.

For example, although it has been proposed to shift Curie temperature by adding SrTiO₃ to BaTiO₃, in this case, the Curie temperature is shifted only in a negative direction and is not shifted in a positive direction. Only PbTiO₃ is known as an additive element for shifting Curie temperature in a positive direction. However, PbTiO₃ includes an element for bringing about environmental pollution, and therefore a material which does not use PbTiO₃ has been desired in recent years.

In a BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain, with an object of preventing a reduction in a temperature coefficient of resistivity by Pb substitution, as well as reducing a voltage dependency and promoting a productivity and a reliability, there has been proposed a method of producing a BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain in which a composition obtained by adding one or more kinds of any of Nb, Ta and a rare earth element to a composition in which x in Ba_(1−2x) (BiNa)_(x)TiO₃ where a portion of Ba of BaTiO₃ is substituted by Bi—Na is controlled to a range of 0≦x≦0.15, is sintered in nitrogen, and thereafter subjected to a heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Patent Reference 1: JP-A-56-169301

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problem that the Invention is to Solve

In patent reference 1, as an example thereof, a composition obtained by adding 0.1 mol % of Nd₂O₃ as a semiconductive dopant to Ba_(1−2x)(BiNa)_(x)TiO₃ (0<x≦0.15) is disclosed. However, since addition amounts of other Nb and Ta are not at all described, whether a semiconductor is formed or not is unclear.

In this connection, the inventors have made studies on a composition system where Ba is partially substituted by Bi—Na, which is described in patent reference 1, and found that, in the case of conducting a valence control of the composition, when a trivalent positive ion is added as a semiconductive dopant, a semiconductive effect is deteriorated due to the presence of a monovalent Na ion to result in a problem that the resistivity at room temperature becomes higher, and that, even when 0.1 mol % of the Nd₂O₃ is added as a semiconductive dopant in order to overcome the problem, a semiconductor sufficient for use in PTC cannot be realized.

An object of the invention is to provide a semiconductor porcelain composition which can overcome the problems of the conventional BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain composition, and is capable of shifting a Curie temperature in a positive direction and considerably reducing a resistivity at room temperature without using Pb.

Means for Solving the Problems

The inventors have paid attention to a valence control when Ba is partially substituted by Bi—Na or the like in a BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain composition and, as a result of intensive studies on a content of an additive element for carrying out the optimum valence control, found that, when Ba is partially substituted by an A1 element (at least one kind of Na, K and Li) and an A2 element (Bi) and Ba is further substituted by a specific amount of a Q element, the optimum valence control can be carried out and whereby the resistivity at room temperature can be significantly reduced.

Furthermore, the inventors found that, when Ba is partially substituted by an A1 element (at least one kind of Na, K and Li) and an A2 element (Bi) and Ti is partially substituted by a specific amount of an M element, advantages same as the above can be obtained, and that, in this case, with a substitution amount less than a substitution amount with the Q element, the valence control can be advantageously carried out, whereby the invention has been completed.

That is, the invention provides a semiconductor porcelain composition having a composition formula represented by [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ (in which A1 is at least one kind of Na, K and Li, A2 is Bi, and Q is at least one kind of La, Dy, Eu and Gd), in which x and y each satisfy 0<x≦0.2 and 0.002≦y≦0.01, and more preferably, y satisfies 0.005≦y≦0.01.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a semiconductor porcelain composition having a composition formula represented by [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)M_(z)]O₃ (in which, A1 is at least one kind of Na, K and Li, A2 is Bi, and M is at least one kind of Nb, Ta and Sb), in which x and z each satisfy 0<x≦0.2 and 0<z≦0.01, and more preferably, z satisfies 0<z≦0.005.

Still furthermore, the invention also relates to a semiconductor porcelain composition in which 3.0 mol % or less of a Si oxide and 4.0 mol % or less of a Ca oxide are added in each of the semiconductor porcelain compositions having the above configurations.

Advantage of the Invention

According to the invention, there can be provided, in a BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain composition, a semiconductor porcelain composition which is capable of shifting the Curie temperature and has a significantly reduced resistivity at room temperature without using Pb which brings about an environmental pollution.

Since the BaTiO₃ semiconductor porcelain composition according to the invention has resistivity characteristics in which the resistivity at room temperature and in a range reaching to a predetermined temperature is sufficiently low and, in a target temperature region, the resistivity rapidly becomes higher, it is optimal for applications in a PTC thermistor, a PTC heater, a PTC switch, a temperature detector and the like, and particularly preferably in an automobile heater.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

One of the Characteristics of the invention is that Ba is partially substituted by an A1 element (at least one kind of Na, K and Li) and an A2 element (Bi) to shift the Curie temperature to a positive direction and, in order to optimally control a valence disturbed due to the substitution by A1 and A2 elements, Ba is partially substituted by a specific amount of a Q element (at least one kind of La, Dy, Eu and Gd) to obtain a [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−x)]TiO₃ composition, or Ti is partially substituted by a specific amount of an M element to obtain a [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)M_(z)]O₃ composition.

The reasons of limiting the respective compositions are as follows.

In the [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−x)]TiO₃ composition, A1 is at least one kind of Na, K and Li, A2 is Bi, and Q is at least one kind of La, Dy, Eu and Gd. Preferably, A1 is Na and Q is La.

In the above-mentioned composition formula, x represents a component range of A1+A2 and is preferably in the range of 0<x≦0.2. When x is zero, the Curie temperature cannot be shifted to a high temperature side, and when x exceeds 0.2, the resistivity at room temperature unfavorably exceeds 10³ Ωcm.

Furthermore, in the composition formula, y represents a component range of Q and is preferably in the range of 0.002≦y≦0.01. When y is less than 0.002, the valence control in the composition becomes insufficient and the resistivity at room temperature exceeds 10³ Ωcm. Furthermore, when y exceeds 0.01, the composition becomes insulative and the resistivity at room temperature unfavorably exceeds 10³ Ωcm. A preferable range thereof is 0.005≦y≦0.01 and, in this case, the resistivity at room temperature can be further reduced. The above range, 0.002≦y≦0.01 is expressed as 0.2 mol % to 1.0 mol % in terms of mol %.

In the [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)M_(z)]O₃ composition, A1 is at least one kind of Na, K and Li, A2 is Bi, and M is at least one kind of Nb, Ta and Sb. Preferably, A1 is Na and M is Nb.

In the above-mentioned composition formula, x represents a component range of A1+A2 and is preferably in the range of 0<x≦0.2. When x is zero, the Curie temperature cannot be shifted to a high temperature side, and when it exceeds 0.2, the resistivity at room temperature unfavorably exceeds 10³ Ωcm. Furthermore, z represents a component range of M and is preferably in the range of 0<z≦0.01. When z is zero, the valence control cannot be applied and the composition cannot form a semiconductor, and when it exceeds 0.01, the resistivity at room temperature unfavorably exceeds 10³ Ωcm. More preferably, z is in the range of 0<z≦0.005. The above range, 0<z≦0.01, is expressed as 0 to 1 mol % (not including 0), in terms of mol %.

In the case of the above-mentioned [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)M_(z)]O₃ composition, in order to control the valence, Ti is substituted by an M element. In this case, since an M element is added (preferable addition amount: 0<z≦0.005) in order to control a valence at Ti site that is a tetravalent element, the valence control can be carried out with a smaller amount than an addition amount (0.002≦y≦0.01) of the Q element in the above-mentioned [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−x)]TiO₃ composition; accordingly, the internal strain of the composition according to the invention can be advantageously alleviated.

In the above-mentioned [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ composition and [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)M_(z)]O₃ composition, the sinterability at low temperature can be improved by adding 3.0 mol % or less of a Si oxide and 4.0 mol % or less of a Ca oxide. When each of the oxides is added exceeding the upper limit, the composition unfavorably does not become a semiconductor.

An example of a process for producing a semiconductor porcelain composition of the invention will be described below.

(1) Oxide powders of the respective elements are prepared, weighed and then mixed.

(2) The mixture is further mixed in pure water or ethanol, and then dried to obtain a mixed powder.

(3) The mixed powder is calcined at a temperature in the range of 900 to 1100° C. for 2 to 6 hr.

(4) The calcined product is pulverized in pure water or ethanol, followed drying.

(5) The pulverized powder is granulated with PVA or the like, and then formed by means of a uniaxial press.

(6) The green compact is degreased at a temperature in the range of 300 to 700° C., and then sintered in air or a reducing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of 1200 to 1450° C. for 2 to 6 hr.

EXAMPLES Example 1

The respective powders of BaCO₃ and TiO₂ as main raw materials; La₂O₃, Dy₂O₃, Eu₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Nb₂O₅, Ta₂O₅ and Sb₂O₃ as semiconductive dopants; SiO₂ and CaO as sintering aides; and (Na₂CO₃.Bi₂O₃.TiO₂), (K₂CO₃.Bi₂O₃.TiO₂) and (Li₂CO₃.Bi₂O₃.TiO₂) as Curie temperature shifters were prepared. These respective powders were blended as shown in Tables 1 through 6, mixed in pure water and then dried to thereby obtain mixed powders having an average particle diameter in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 μm.

In the next place, the mixed powders each were calcined, depending on the compositions, at a temperature in the range of 900 to 1100° C. for 2 to 6 hr. The calcined powders thus obtained each were pulverized in pure water until an average particle diameter becomes in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 μm, and the pulverized powders each were dried. Then, after PVA was added and mixed, the dried powders each were granulated by means of a granulating device.

The granulated powders thus obtained each were formed to have a forming density in the range of 2 to 3 g/cm³ by use of a uniaxial press. The green compacts thus obtained each were degreased at a temperature in the range of 300 to 700° C. and subsequently sintered at a temperature in the range of 1300 to 1360° C. for 4 hr in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 75% to thereby obtain sintered bodies.

The sintered bodies thus obtained each were processed into a plate of 10 mm×10 mm×0.1 mm to thereby obtain test pieces. In the measurement of the resistance of the test piece, a variation of resistance value in a range from room temperature to 200° C. was measured. Measurement results are shown in Tables 1 through 6.

Nos. 1 through 29 in Table 1 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)Nb_(z)]O₃ composition; Nos. 30 through 56 in Table 2 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)Sb_(z)]O₃ composition; Nos. 57 through 86 in Table 3 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)La_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ composition; Nos. 87 through 102 in Table 4 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Gd_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ composition; Nos. 103 through 118 in Table 5 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Eu_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ composition; and Nos. 119 through 134 in Table 6 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Dy_(y))_(1−X)]TiO₃ composition.

Comparative Example 1

In Tables 1 through 6, columns provided with an * mark indicate comparative examples. That is, Nos. 1 through 4 and 11 in Table 1, Nos. 30, 31 and 44 in Table 2, Nos. 57 and 58 in Table 3, Nos. 87 and 88 in Table 4, Nos. 103 and 104 in Table 5 and Nos. 119 and 120 in Table 6 are comparative examples.

Example 2

The respective powders of BaCO₃ and TiO₂ as main raw materials; La₂O₃ and Nb₂O₅ as semiconductive dopants; and (Na₂CO₃.Bi₂O₃.TiO₂) as the Curie temperature shifter were prepared. The respective powder were blended as shown in Tables 7 and 8, mixed in pure water and then dried to thereby obtain mixed powders having an average particle diameter in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 μm.

In the next place, the mixed powders each were calcined, depending on the compositions, at a temperature in the range of 900 to 1100° C. for 2 to 6 hr. The calcined powders thus obtained each were pulverized in pure water until an average particle diameter becomes in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 μm, and the pulverized powders each were dried. Then, after PVA was added and mixed, the dried powders each were granulated by means of a granulating device.

The granulated powders thus obtained each were formed to have a forming density in the range of 2 to 3 g/cm³ by use of a uniaxial press. The green compacts thus obtained each were degreased at a temperature in the range of 300 to 700° C. and subsequently sintered at a temperature in the range of 1300 to 1360° C. for 4 hr in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 75% to thereby obtain sintered bodies.

The sintered bodies thus obtained each were processed into a plate of 10 mm×10 mm×0.1 mm to thereby obtain test pieces. In the measurement of the resistance of the test piece, a variation of resistance value in a range from room temperature to 200° C. was measured. Measurement results are shown in Tables 7 through 8.

Nos. 135 through 144 in Table 7 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)Ba_(1−x)][Ti_(1−z)Nb_(z)]O₃ composition and Nos. 145 through 154 in Table 8 show a case of [(A1_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)La_(y))_(1−x)]TiO₃ composition.

Comparative Example 2

In Tables 7 through 8, columns provided with an * mark indicate comparative examples. That is, Nos. 135 and 136 in Table 7 and Nos. 145 and 146 in Table 8 are comparative examples.

As obvious from Tables 1 through 8, it is found that semiconductor porcelain compositions according to the invention can elevate the Curie temperature without using Pb and can significantly reduce the resistivity at room temperature.

TABLE 1 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x z %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.)  1* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator —  2* 0 0 0 0.002 0.9 1.9 200 110  3* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 3.6 111  4* 0 0 0 0.01 0.9 1.9 4.1 115  5 0 0 0.02 0.002 0.9 1.9 150 130  6 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 119 130  7 0 0 0.02 0.01 0.9 1.9 131 135  8 0 0 0.06 0.002 0.9 1.9 91 160  9 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 73 160 10 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 86 163 11* 0 0 0.06 0.012 0.9 1.9 89 161 12 0 0 0.1 0.002 0.9 1.9 93 173 13 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 84 173 14 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 97 175 15 0 0 0.2 0.002 0.9 1.9 156 181 16 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 93 181 17 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 128 183 18 0.4 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 78 125 19 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 89 154 20 0.4 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 55 162 21 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 82 176 22 0.8 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 86 120 23 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 99 141 24 0.8 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 78 153 25 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 98 166 26 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 70 121 27 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 81 139 28 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 49 150 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 100 162

TABLE 2 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x z %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 30* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator — 31* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 3.6 110 32 0 0 0.02 0.002 0.9 1.9 54 129 33 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 31 130 34 0 0 0.02 0.01 0.9 1.9 85 133 35 0 0 0.06 0.002 0.9 1.9 92 158 36 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 80 160 37 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 96 163 38 0 0 0.1 0.002 0.9 1.9 90 173 39 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 98 172 40 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 102 172 41 0 0 0.2 0.002 0.9 1.9 210 181 42 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 111 180 43 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 318 181 44* 0 0 0.25 0.005 0.9 1.9 Insulator — 45 0.4 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 47 121 46 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 34 149 47 0.4 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 22 162 48 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 84 177 49 0.8 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 76 122 50 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 74 141 51 0.8 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 79 152 52 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 168 164 53 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 101 118 54 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 105 137 55 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 92 148 56 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 168 160

TABLE 3 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x y %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 57* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator — 58* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 233 110 59 0 0 0.02 0.002 0.9 1.9 61 132 60 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 49 132 61 0 0 0.02 0.008 0.9 1.9 29 132 62 0 0 0.02 0.001 0.9 1.9 63 134 63 0 0 0.06 0.002 0.9 1.9 83 161 64 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 59 162 65 0 0 0.06 0.008 0.9 1.9 41 161 66 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 50 162 67 0 0 0.1 0.002 0.9 1.9 56 170 68 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 78 170 69 0 0 0.1 0.008 0.9 1.9 79 171 70 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 80 173 71 0 0 0.2 0.002 0.9 1.9 36 179 72 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 58 179 73 0 0 0.2 0.008 0.9 1.9 54 181 74 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 76 182 75 0.4 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 53 122 76 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 97 151 77 0.4 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 99 159 78 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 125 172 79 0.8 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 56 119 80 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 91 139 81 0.8 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 140 150 82 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 126 164 83 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 59 123 84 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 68 137 85 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 151 153 86 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 160 163

TABLE 4 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x y %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.)  87* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator —  88* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 23 112  89 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 28 133  90 0 0 0.02 0.01 0.9 1.9 91 131  91 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 44 160  92 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 87 162  93 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 56 171  94 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 99 171  95 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 89 177  96 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 119 181  97 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 67 150  98 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 72 170  99 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 66 141 100 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 96 165 101 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 97 139 102 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 72 164

TABLE 5 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x y %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 103* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator — 104* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 48 110 105 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 66 129 106 0 0 0.02 0.01 0.9 1.9 100 129 107 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 79 159 108 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 136 160 109 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 71 169 110 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 118 171 111 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 78 175 112 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 155 179 113 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 99 151 114 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 225 169 115 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 98 140 116 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 264 165 117 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 117 140 118 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 310 166

TABLE 6 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x y %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 119* 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.9 Insulator — 120* 0 0 0 0.005 0.9 1.9 122 111 121 0 0 0.02 0.005 0.9 1.9 127 130 122 0 0 0.02 0.01 0.9 1.9 399 129 123 0 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 94 163 124 0 0 0.06 0.01 0.9 1.9 392 164 125 0 0 0.1 0.005 0.9 1.9 100 170 126 0 0 0.1 0.01 0.9 1.9 490 169 127 0 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 101 174 128 0 0 0.2 0.01 0.9 1.9 323 182 129 0.4 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 112 152 130 0.4 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 438 171 131 0.8 0 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 125 140 132 0.8 0 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 482 164 133 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.005 0.9 1.9 149 141 134 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.005 0.9 1.9 587 163

TABLE 7 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x z %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 135* 0 0 0 0 0 0 Insulator — 136* 0 0 0 0.005 0 0 88 110 137 0 0 0.02 0.005 0 0 94 132 138 0 0 0.02 0.01 0 0 108 131 139 0 0 0.06 0.005 0 0 81 161 140 0 0 0.06 0.01 0 0 184 165 141 0 0 0.1 0.005 0 0 116 169 142 0 0 0.1 0.01 0 0 141 170 143 0 0 0.2 0.005 0 0 109 176 144 0 0 0.2 0.01 0 0 186 183

TABLE 8 A1 = SiO₂ CaO Na_(1−a−b)K_(a)Li_(b) (mol (mol ρ30 Tc No. a b x y %) %) (Ωcm) (° C.) 145* 0 0 0 0 0 0 Insulator — 146* 0 0 0 0.005 0 0 333 111 147 0 0 0.02 0.002 0 0 82 131 148 0 0 0.02 0.005 0 0 72 131 149 0 0 0.02 0.008 0 0 69 132 150 0 0 0.02 0.001 0 0 91 133 151 0 0 0.06 0.002 0 0 103 161 152 0 0 0.06 0.005 0 0 88 160 153 0 0 0.06 0.008 0 0 70 161 154 0 0 0.06 0.01 0 0 86 160

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the semiconductor porcelain composition of the invention, since the Curie temperature can be elevated and the resistivity at room temperature can be significantly reduced without using Pb that causes an environmental pollution, it can be utilized in a PTC thermistor, a PTC heater, a PTC switch, a temperature detector and the like. In particular, it is optimal for applications in automobile heaters and the like, in which an adverse affect on human bodies is feared. 

1. A semiconductor porcelain composition having a composition formula represented by [(A1_(0.5)A2_(0.5))_(x)(Ba_(1−y)Q_(y))_(1−x)]TiO₃, wherein A1 is at least one of Na, K and Li, A2 is Bi, and Q is at least one of La, Dy, Eu and Gd, and wherein x and y each satisfy 0<x≦0.2 and 0.002≦y≦0.01.
 2. The semiconductor porcelain composition according to claim 1, wherein y satisfies 0.005≦y≦0.01.
 3. The semiconductor porcelain composition according to claim 1, wherein 3.0 mol % or less of a Si oxide and 4.0 mol % or less of a Ca oxide are added. 